Edges in another direction correspond to space. (Rotating frames in general relativity? Already we’ve thought about two other—completely different—potential applications. Here’s part of where we figured that out: We already figured out a few months ago what linear momentum is. Consider the multiway causal graph. It’s pretty cool to see thousands of people joining us to experience real-time science. First, the multiway graph provides a very explicit representation of “quantum indeterminacy”. There hasn’t yet been time for serious scientific work to have been completed around the project… but we know people are on this path. So, thank you! And in a sense the handling of our model—and the features of physics that emerge—is about having ways to deal with “ambiguity in bulk”. They’re enjoying understanding what we’ve figured out. Published on arXiv? Our Summer School—which has been running since 2003—is a 3-week program, focused on every participant doing a unique, original project. But for me it’s been particularly wonderful to see so many other people engaging with the project. But in fact, each of C, P and T invariance is violated somewhere in particle physics (and this fact was a favorite of mine back when I did particle physics for a living). I personally think physics is great. Stephen Wolfram announced this project today: , providing a fascinating foundation for a theory of physics. And … C, P and T correspond to three potential transformations applied to physical systems. Some features of black holes we should be able to see by looking at ordinary spacetime causal graphs. New methods. We don’t yet know how this works in our models. (And kudos to Jonathan Gorard for having had a crucial idea.). Black-hole “no hair” theorems? I’m optimistic that this will work well, and will perhaps provide a model for review processes for other things. I decided to start by talking about pixels on a screen. And now that we have an idea what angular momentum is, we should be able to identify how much of that is going in as well. And this in turn is related to what’s called CPT invariance. So one of the things I was pleased to do a week or so ago was to try to explain our fundamental theory of physics on a livestream aimed at kids, assuming essentially no prior knowledge. We launched the Wolfram Physics Project two weeks ago, on April 14. And it’s not easy to deliver such a thing to the world. We’re keen to understand more about this, so one of the things we’ll be doing is having livestreamed discussions with experts in these various areas. Something else? Of course, there are people who think “This isn’t the way science usually works; something must be wrong”. You can duplicate, change and run the code. The Second Law was big news at the end of the 1800s and into the early 1900s. It’s actually a very analogous idea to something I did rather successfully in the mid-1980s for fluid flow. They like novelty well within the boundaries of what they’re doing and the approach that they’re taking, but originality is harder for them to grasp. And, more than that, even supposedly point particles—like electrons—have nonzero quantized spin angular momentum. OK, but is there a good way to achieve the objectives of peer review for our project? But right now what’s most important to me is what a tremendous pleasure it is to share all this with such a broad spectrum of people. Maybe there’s some way of thinking about the genotype-phenotype correspondence in terms of the correspondence between multiway graphs and causal graphs. I thought I managed to get decently far, talking about general relativity, and even quantum mechanics, all, I hope, without relying on more than extremely everyday knowledge. But there are plenty more phenomena to consider, and we’re planning to look at this in working sessions starting later this week. But what can we say about this? Also, by bypassing the peer-review system you automatically put yourself outside the scientific community. It’s just that this is a lot of sequences. And in general relativity (say for simulating a black hole merger) it’s usually a very subtle business, in which the details of the discretization are hard to keep track of, and hard to keep consistent. These are things I’ve long wanted to clarify, and I’m hoping we’ll look at these things soon. One of the reasons I wanted to think about angular momentum was because of quantum mechanics. But independent of nailing down precisely what’s ultimately underneath quantum field theory it seems like the very structure of our models has a good chance of being very helpful just in dealing in practice with quantum field theory as we already know it. In a livestream last week, we generated a very toy version of a black hole, with a causal graph of the form: This “black hole” has the feature that causal edges go into it, but none come out. But my friend Paul Ginsparg (founder of arXiv) tells me there’s nothing like that in place; it’s just a question of deciding on categories and handling hundreds of megabytes of data. (Our peak so far was nearly 8000 simultaneous viewers, and a fairly technical 2-hour session ended up being watched for a total of more than three-quarters of a million minutes.) One of the great—and unexpected—things about the project is how well what we’ve discovered seems to dovetail with existing initiatives (like string theory, holographic principles, spin networks, higher categories, twistor theory, etc.) Well, this setup immediately seems a lot more like the situation we have in our models—or in physics—where different updates can happen in any order, subject only to following the causal relationships defined by the causal graph. In theoretical analyses of distributed computing, one usually ignores physical space—and the speed of light. Related to the whole story about spinors, there’s a fundamental result in quantum field theory called the spin-statistics theorem that says that particles with half-integer spins (like electrons) are fermions (and so obey the exclusion principle), while particles with integer spins (like photons) are bosons (and so can form condensates). There are details to clean up, and further to go. But in quantum mechanics that’s not how things work. I was hoping I could submit my paper to some academic journal and then leave it to the journal to just “run the peer-review process”. His father was a textiles businessman who wrote novels; his … And how do our black holes generate things like Hawking radiation? Many of the students for the Fundamental Physics track will be graduate students or postdocs, but we also expect to have students who are more junior, as well as professors and professionals. But—as I explained in my announcement—that’s not how it worked out. The Wolfram project is the latest attempt by some of the smartest members of humanity to find a theory of everything. The actual “hypergraph of the universe” would be on much too tiny a scale for it to be directly useful for simulations. And we’ve started to assemble a “Visual Gallery” of these forms. Essentially it’s about having a whole collection of computing elements that are communicating with others to collectively perform a computation. And, in a word, wow! When I used to publish academic papers in the 1970s and early 1980s I quickly discovered something disappointing about actual peer review—that closely mirrors what my historian-of-science friend said. 2020 Audi A7 Review. He is known for his work in computer science, mathematics, and in theoretical physics. And how, for example, does it relate in detail to gravity? Look at 2×2×2… grid graphs. But now there start to be interesting analogies between the distributed computing case and physics. But in our models, we potentially get the actual path integral as a limit of the behavior of geodesics in a multiway graph. All physics faculty are too busy to write a thorough response, and too smart to just go out and call it the bullshit it is. But there’s a critical point here: if a model is simple enough, one can expect that it could somehow be a foundation for many different kinds of things. One way to imagine doing an NP problem in polynomial time is not to use an ordinary Turing machine, but instead to use a “non-deterministic Turing machine” in which there is a tree of possible paths where one can pick any path to follow. It’s pretty difficult (at least for me) to “understand” the structure of the graphs and hypergraphs we’re generating. Scientist Stephen Wolfram opens up his ongoing Wolfram Physics Project to a global effort. Compute answers using Wolfram 's project to a symmetry of this arises in evaluating s, K combinators seems models... 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